Dear All,
Hari OM. Pranams.

One of the things that we need while studying scripture is ability to understand the sanskrit verse. e.g. we have to know how to write verse in prose order, how to break sandhis, active/passive voice, vibhaktis, pratyayas, verbs, tenses and along with that we need to have a good sanskrit vocabulary.

A thought came to me today that we are studying Gita Chapter 2, why not we discuss the prose order and sanskrit language specific analysis of the verses under study? That way our understanding of verses and sanskrit knowledge will grow.

I encourage everyone who is interested to join this study group. I request knowledgeable Sanskrit Experts to please guide us in our effort (otherwise we are going to be pretty lost here. I don't know about others but I don't know anything. I am a total beginner, very willing and eager to learn.)

Of course this is an idea, if you think we can materialize it together then please express your interest here. Hopefully there will be some sanskrit experts expressing willingness to guide us. Dhanyavadah !

Pranams.

Hari OM

Thank you for this great initiative. This will help people like me who have zero knowledge of Sanskrit to get a clear and better understanding of the Gita verses. I will participate as a regular visitor and study the posts of every participant.

Pranams

Hari OM. Pranams.

Muruganji, I am also looking for answers

Malli-ji if you are around (or if there is anybody who knows Sanskrit here) we would be thankful if you please help us. Here is my attempt to unfold the first verse of Gita and I have many questions.

तं तथा कृपयाविष्टं अश्रुपूर्णाकुलेक्षणम् ।
विषीदन्तमिदं वाक्यमुवाच मधुसूदनः ।।

तम (म half) - second case(To) singular for He (सः) - Here it means "To Arjuna"
तथा - Indeclinable (In that manner)
कृपया - with pity
आविष्टम (म half) - overcome
अश्रुपूर्णाकुलेक्षणम् - अश्रु is tears,पूर्ण is filled.
पूर्ण has become पूर्णा; so my guess is next word must be starting with अ or आ; so it must be अकुलेक्षणम्
What is the meaning of अकुलेक्षणम् ?
विषीदन्तमिदं(म half) - विषीदन्तम(म half)[despondent] + इदम(म half)[this] (what sandhi is this? Nasal consonant + Vowel)
वाक्यमुवाच - वाक्यम(म half) + उवाच (what sandhi is this? Nasal consonant + Vowel)
मधुसूदनः - Noun

Prose Order: तथा कृपयाविष्टं अश्रुपूर्णाकुलेक्षणम् विषीदन्तमिदं तं (अर्जुनं)मधुसूदनः इदम वाक्यं उवाच | (Is this how to write prose order ? )

Hari OM. Pranams.

Here is my attempt to understand verse 2 of Chapter 2 of Gita.

Muruganji, I have tried to write in English also so you will be able to read it, however we will have to wait for some guidance because my attempt will have mistakes in it. I am learning also.

श्री भगवानुवाच :

कुतस्त्वा कश्मलमिदं विषमे समुपत्थितम् ।

अनार्यजुष्टम् अस्वर्ग्यम् अकीर्तिकरमर्जुन ।।
(Sri-Bhagavan uvaca
kutas tva kasmalam idam visame samupasthitam
anarya-justam asvargyam akirti-karam arjuna)

भगवान + उवाच = भगवानुवाच [Bhagavan + Uvach = Bhagavanuvach]
कुतः + त्वा = कुतस्त्वा [Kutah + Tva = Kutastva] From where + upon you
(सकारः sandhi. When visarga is followed by त or थ then visarga is changed to स ]
कश्मलम + इदं = कश्मलमिदं [kashmalam + idam ] dejection + this
सं + उपस्थितम = समुपस्थितम [ Sam + Upasthitam = Samupasthitam ] comes
(सं उपसर्ग [Sam prefix] means coincides or congruently ]
अनार्य + जुष्टं = अनार्यजुष्टम [anarya + jushtam = anaryajushtam ] unworthy + practiced by
अस्वर्ग्यं [asvargyam] heaven excluding
अकिर्तिकरं + अर्जुन = अकिर्तिकरमर्जुन [ Akirtikaram + Arjuna = Akirtikaramarjuna] disgraceful

Prose Order: Bhagavan Uvach - Hey Arjuna, Kutah tvam kashmalam vishame samupasthitam? Idam kashmalam anaryajushtam, asvargyam, akirtikaram asti.
श्री भगवान उवाच - हे अर्जुन, कुतः त्वा कश्मलं विषमे समुपस्थितम? इदं कश्मलं अनार्यजुष्टं, अस्वर्ग्यं, अकिर्तिकरं अस्ति।

(Please let me know the corrections with my attempt. What does अनार्यजुष्टं "unworthy practiced by" means? practiced what and by whom?)

Hari Om. Pranams.

Here is my understanding of Verse 3 of Gita.

Verse 3:
क्लैब्यं मा स्म गमः पार्थ नैतत्त्वय्युपपद्यते ।
क्षुद्रं हृदयदौर्बल्यं त्यक्त्वोत्तिष्ठ परन्तप ।।
klaibyam ma sma gamah partha naitatvayyupapadyate |
kshudram hridaydaurbalyam tyaktvottishtha Parantapa ||

क्लैब्यं [klaibyam] impotence
मा [ma] don't
स्म [sma] ever
गमः [gamah] going or course

न (na) + एतत् (etat) = नैतत (naitat) वृद्धि संधि vriddhi sandhi (अ + ए = ऐ)

त्वयि(tvayi)+उपपद्यते(upapadyate)=त्वय्युपपद्यते(tvayyupapadyate) यण संधि (इ+उ=य) yan sandhi

त्यक्त्वा(tvaktva)+उत्तिष्ट(uttishta) = त्यक्त्वोत्तिष्ठ(tyaktvottishtha) गुण संधि (अ + उ = ओ) guna sandhi

Prose Order:

हे पार्थ, क्लैब्यं मा स्म गमः| एतत् त्वयि न उपपद्यते| परन्तप, त्यक्त्वा क्षुद्रं हृदयदौर्बल्यं उत्तिष्ट |

He Partha, klaibyam ma sma gamah | Etat tvayi na upapadyate | Parantapa, tyvakva kshudram hrudayadarubalyam uttishta |

Hari OM. Pranams.

Here is my understanding of Verse 4 of Gita Ch 2

अर्जुन उवच :
कथं भीष्ममहं संख्ये द्रोणं च मधुसूदन ।
इषुभिः प्रतियोत्स्यामि पूजार्हावरिसूदन ।। (४)

(katham bhishmam aham samkhye dronam cha madhusudana ishubhih pariyotsyami pujarhav arisudana)

भीष्मम्, द्रोणम् - विभक्ति vibhakti second case singular (meaning to,object)

भीष्मम् (bhishmam) + अहम्(aham) = भीष्ममहं (bhishmamaham) (म् + अ = म )

पूजार्हौ (pujarhau) + अरिसूदन(arisudana) = पूजार्हावरिसूदन(pujarhavarisudana), अयादि संधि (औ + अ = आव) ayadi sandhi

Prose order:
Madhusudana, Katham aham pujarhav Bhishmam cha Dronam, ishubhih pratiyotsyami, Arisudana ?
मधुसूदन,कथम् अहम् पूजार्हौ भीष्मं च द्रोणम् इषुभिः प्रतियोत्स्यामि, अरिसूदन ?